Blyth FM, March LM, Brnabic AJM, Jorm LR, Williamson M, Cousins MJ: Chronic pain in Australia: a prevalence study. Pain. 2001, 89 (2–3): 127-134.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Beubler E, Jaksch W, Devulder J, Le Poloin B, Bo Honsen O, Meynadier J, Muller-Schwefe G, Zenz M, Mac Sullivan R, O'Brien T, Beubler E, Jaksch W, Devulder J, Le Poloin B, Bo Honsen O, Meynadier J, Muller-Schwefe G, Zenz M, Mac Sullivan R, O'Brien T, Eisenberg E, Mercodante S, Ventafriddo V, Varrossi G, Vielvoye-Kerkmeer A, Zylicz B, Breivik H, Krajnik M, Lopez JC, Puig M: The white paper on opioids and pain: A pan-European challenge: The European white paper on the use of opioids in chronic pain management. J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother. 2006, 20 (3): 79-87.
Google Scholar
Savage SR: Opioid therapy of chronic pain: assessment of consequences. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1999, 43 (9): 909-917. 10.1034/j.1399-6576.1999.430908.x.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Blyth FM, March LM, Brnabic AJM, Cousins MJ: Chronic pain and frequent use of health care. Pain. 2004, 111 (1–2): 51-58.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Blyth FM, March LM, Cousins MJ: Chronic pain-related disability and use of analgesia and health services in a Sydney community. Med J Aust. 2003, 179 (2): 84-87.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Noble M, Treadwell JR, Tregear SJ, Coates VH, Wiffen PJ, Akafomo C, Schoelles KM: Long-term opioid management for chronic noncancer pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010, 1: CD006605
Google Scholar
Chou R: 2009 Clinical Guidelines from the American Pain Society and the American Academy of Pain Medicine on the use of chronic opioid therapy in chronic noncancer pain: what are the key messages for clinical practice?. Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej. 2009, 119 (7–8): 469-477.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kalso E, Edwards JE, Moore RA, McQuay HJ: Opioids in chronic non-cancer pain: systematic review of efficacy and safety. Pain. 2004, 112 (3): 372-380. 10.1016/j.pain.2004.09.019.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Furlan AD, Sandoval JA, Mailis-Gagnon A, Tunks E: Opioids for chronic noncancer pain: a meta-analysis of effectiveness and side effects. Can Med Assoc J. 2006, 174 (11): 1589-1594. 10.1503/cmaj.051528.
Article
Google Scholar
Bloodworth D: Issues in opioid management. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2005, 84 (3 Suppl): S42-S55.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Eisenberg E, McNicol ED, Carr DB: Efficacy of mu‒opioid agonists in the treatment of evoked neuropathic pain: systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Pain. 2006, 10 (8): 667-667. 10.1016/j.ejpain.2005.10.007.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Manchikanti L, Ailinani H, Koyyalagunta D, Datta S, Singh V, Eriator I, Sehgal N, Shah R: A systematic review of randomized trials of long-term opioid management for chronic non-cancer pain. Pain Physician. 2011, 14: 91-121.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ballantyne JC, Shin NS: Efficacy of Opioids for chronic pain: a review of the evidence. Clin J Pain. 2008, 24 (6): 469-478. 10.1097/AJP.0b013e31816b2f26.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Moulin DE, Amireh R, Sharpe WKJ, Boyd D, Merskey H, Iezzi A: Randomised trial of oral morphine for chronic non-cancer pain. The Lancet. 1996, 347 (8995): 143-147. 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)90339-6.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
American Academy of Pain Medicine and American Pain Society: The use of opioids for the treatment of chronic pain: a consensus statement from the American Academy of Pain Medicine and the American Pain Society.
Cohen ML, Wodak AD: The judicious use of opioids in managing chronic noncancer pain. Medicine Today. 2010, 11: 10-18.
Google Scholar
Royal Australasian College of Physicians: Prescription Opioid Policy: Improving management of chronic non-malignant pain and prevention of problems associated with prescription opioid use. 2009, Sydney: Royal Australasian College of Physicians
Google Scholar
Ballantyne JC: Opioids for chronic pain: taking stock. Pain. 2006, 125: 3-4. 10.1016/j.pain.2006.07.005.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Baca C, Grant K: Mortality from opioid analgesics must not be ignored.[comment]. Pain. 2007, 128 (3): 288-author reply 288–289
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ballantyne JC: Regulation of opioid prescribing. Br Med J. 2007, 334 (7598): 811-812. 10.1136/bmj.39175.458275.BE.
Article
Google Scholar
Eriksen J, Sjogren P, Bruera E, Ekholm O, Rasmussen NK: Critical issues on opioids in chronic non-cancer pain: an epidemiological study. [see comment]. Pain. 2006, 125 (1–2): 172-179.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lipman AG: Treatment options for chronic pain management: opioids revisited. Manag Care. 2007, 16 (2 Suppl 3): 5-9.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Leong M, Murnion B, Haber PS: Examination of opioid prescribing in Australia from 1992 to 2007. Intern Med J. 2009, 39 (10): 676-681. 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2009.01982.x.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Compton WM, Volkow ND: Major increases in opioid analgesic abuse in the United States: concerns and strategies. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2006, 81 (2): 103-107. 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.05.009.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dhalla IA, Mamdani MM, Sivilotti ML, Kopp A, Qureshi O, Juurlink DN: Prescribing of opioid analgesics and related mortality before and after the introduction of long-acting oxycodone. Can Med Assoc J. 2009, 181 (12): 891-896. 10.1503/cmaj.090784.
Article
Google Scholar
Centers for Disease -Control Prevention: Adult use of prescription opioid pain medications - Utah, 2008. MMWR - Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report. 2008, 59 (6): 153-157.
Google Scholar
Compton WM, Thomas YF, Conway KP, Colliver JD, Compton WM, Thomas YF, Conway KP, Colliver JD: Developments in the epidemiology of drug use and drug use disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 2005, 162 (8): 1494-1502. 10.1176/appi.ajp.162.8.1494.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fredheim OM, Skurtveit S, Breivik H, Borchgrevink PC: Increasing use of opioids from 2004 to 2007 - pharmacoepidemiological data from a complete national prescription database in Norway. Eur J Pain. 2010, 14 (3): 289-294. 10.1016/j.ejpain.2009.05.006.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Degenhardt L, Black E, Breen C, Bruno R: Trends in morphine prescriptions, illicit morphine use and associated harms among regular injecting drug users in Australia. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2006, 25 (5): 403-412. 10.1080/09595230600868504.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Compton WM, Volkow ND: Abuse of prescription drugs and the risk of addiction. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2006, 83: S4-S7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Paulozzi LJ, Budnitz DS, Xi Y: Increasing deaths from opioid analgesics in the United States. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2006, 15 (9): 618-627. 10.1002/pds.1276.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fishbain DA, Cole B, Lewis J, Rosomoff HL, Rosomoff RS: What percentage of chronic nonmalignant pain patients exposed to chronic opioid analgesic therapy develop abuse/addiction and/or aberrant drug-related behaviors? A structured evidence-based review. Pain Medicine. 2008, 9 (4): 444-459. 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2007.00370.x.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lintzeris N: Commentary on Minozzi et al. (2013): Diagnosing opioid dependence in the context of long-term opioid use for chronic pain—counting shades of grey in a black and white world. Addiction. 2013, 108 (4): 699-700. 10.1111/add.12129.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Reid MC, Henderson CR, Papaleontiou M, Amanfo L, Olkhovskaya Y, Moore AA, Parikh SS, Turner BJ: Characteristics of older adults receiving opioids in primary care: treatment duration and outcomes. Pain Medicine. 2010, 11 (7): 1063-1071. 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2010.00883.x.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hariharan J, Lamb GC, Neuner JM, Hariharan J, Lamb GC, Neuner JM: Long-term opioid contract use for chronic pain management in primary care practice. A five year experience. J Gen Intern Med. 2007, 22 (4): 485-490. 10.1007/s11606-006-0084-1.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Dunn KM, Saunders KW, Rutter CM, Banta-Green CJ, Merrill JO, Sullivan MD, Weisner CM, Silverberg MJ, Campbell CI, Psaty BM, Dunn KM, Saunders KW, Rutter CM, Banta-Green CJ, Merrill JO, Sullivan MD, Weisner CM, Silverberg MJ, Campbell CI, Psaty BM, Von Korff M: Opioid prescriptions for chronic pain and overdose: a cohort study.[Summary for patients in Ann Intern Med. 2010 Jan 19;152(2):I-42; PMID: 20083811]. Ann Intern Med. 2010, 152 (2): 85-92. 10.7326/0003-4819-152-2-201001190-00006.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Franklin GM, Stover BD, Turner JA, Fulton-Kehoe D, Wickizer TM, Disability Risk Identification Study C, Franklin GM, Stover BD, Turner JA, Fulton-Kehoe D, Franklin GM, Stover BD, Turner JA, Fulton-Kehoe D, Wickizer TM: Early opioid prescription and subsequent disability among workers with back injuries: the disability risk identification study cohort. Spine. 2008, 33 (2): 199-204. 10.1097/BRS.0b013e318160455c.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pletcher MJ, Kertesz SG, Sidney S, Kiefe CI, Hulley SB, Pletcher MJ, Kertesz SG, Sidney S, Kiefe CI, Hulley SB: Incidence and antecedents of nonmedical prescription opioid use in four US communities. The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) prospective cohort study. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2006, 85 (2): 171-176. 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.04.011.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Reid MC, Engles-Horton LL, Weber MB, Kerns RD, Rogers EL, O'Connor PG: Use of opioid medications for chronic noncancer pain syndromes in primary care. J Gen Intern Med. 2002, 17 (3): 173-179. 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2002.10435.x.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hartung DM, Middleton L, Haxby DG, Koder M, Ketchum KL, Chou R: Rates of adverse events of long-acting opioids in a state Medicaid program. [Erratum appears in Ann Pharmacother. 2007 Sep;41(9):1552]. Ann Pharmacother. 2007, 41 (6): 921-928. 10.1345/aph.1K066.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Euser AM, Zoccali C, Jager KJ, Dekker FW, Euser AM, Zoccali C, Jager KJ, Dekker FW: Cohort studies: prospective versus retrospective. Nephron. 2009, 113 (3): c214-c217.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kreidler SM, Muller KM, Grunwald G, Ringham BM, Coker-Dukowitz Z, Sakhadeo UR, Barón AE, Glueck DH: GLIMMPSE: Online Power Computation for Linear Models with and without a Baseline Covariate. Journal of Statistical Software. 2013, 54 (i10):
National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre: A Review of Opioid Prescribing in Tasmania: A Blueprint for the Future. 2012, Sydney: NDARC, University of New South Wales
Google Scholar
Therapeutic Goods Administration: Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons (SUSMP). http://www.tga.gov.au/industry/scheduling-poisons-standard.htm. Accessed on 05/09/2013. Edited by Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing; 2013
Maven Marketing: List of Pharmacies and Chemists in Australia. 2014 [accessed 2014 14th March]. Available from: http://www.mavenmarketing.com.au/list-of-pharmacies-in-australia/
Booker CL, Harding S, Benzeval M: A systematic review of the effect of retention methods in population-based cohort studies. BMC Public Health. 2011, 11: 249-10.1186/1471-2458-11-249.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Dworkin RH, Turk DC, Farrar JT, Haythornthwaite JA, Jensen MP, Katz NP, Kerns RD, Stucki G, Allen RR, Bellamy N, Dworkin RH, Turk DC, Farrar JT, Haythornthwaite JA, Jensen MP, Katz NP, Kerns RD, Stucki G, Allen RR, Bellamy N, Carr DB, Chandler J, Cowan P, Dionne R, Galer BS, Hertz S, Jadad AR, Kramer LD, Manning DC, Martin S: Core outcome measures for chronic pain clinical trials: IMMPACT recommendations. Pain. 2005, 113 (1–2): 9-19.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Turk DC, Dworkin RH, Allen RR, Bellamy N, Brandenburg N, Carr DB, Cleeland C, Dionne R, Farrar JT, Galer BS, Turk DC, Dworkin RH, Allen RR, Bellamy N, Brandenburg N, Carr DB, Cleeland C, Dionne R, Farrar JT, Galer BS, Hewitt DJ, Jadad AR, Katz NP, Kramer LD, Manning DC, McCormick CG, McDermott MP, McGrath P, Quessy S, Rappaport BA: Core outcome domains for chronic pain clinical trials: IMMPACT recommendations. Pain. 2003, 106 (3): 337-345. 10.1016/j.pain.2003.08.001.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cleeland CS, Ryan KM: Pain assessment: global use of the brief pain inventory. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 1994, 23 (2): 129-138.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
World Health Organization: Composite International Diagnostic Interview, Version 3.0. 2001, Geneva: World Health Organization
Google Scholar
Tan G, Jensen MP, Thornby JI, Shanti BF: Validation of the brief pain inventory for chronic nonmalignant pain. The Journal of Pain. 2004, 5 (2): 133-137. 10.1016/j.jpain.2003.12.005.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Centre for Disease Control and Prevention: Overview of Implementation Protocols for Testing the Washington Group Short Set of Questions on Disability. 2006, Washington DC: Centre for Disease Control and Prevention
Google Scholar
Bjorner J, Turner-Bowker D: SF-36 and SF-12 Health Surveys. Encyclopedia of Medical Decision Making. Edited by: Kattan M. 2009, Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412971980
Google Scholar
Rejas J, Ribera MV, Ruiz M, Masrramón X: Psychometric properties of the MOS (Medical Outcomes Study) Sleep Scale in patients with neuropathic pain. Eur J Pain. 2007, 11 (3): 329-340. 10.1016/j.ejpain.2006.05.002.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nicholas MK: Self-efficacy and chronic pain. Annual conference of the British Psychological Society. 1989, St. Andrews: British Psychological Society
Google Scholar
Nicholas MK: The pain self-efficacy questionnaire: taking pain into account. Eur J Pain. 2007, 11 (2): 153-163. 10.1016/j.ejpain.2005.12.008.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hurst H, Bolton J: Assessing the clinical significance of change scores recorded on subjective outcome measures. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2004, 27 (1): 26-35. 10.1016/j.jmpt.2003.11.003.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Horne R, Weinman J, Hankins M: The beliefs about medicines questionnaire: The development and evaluation of a new method for assessing the cognitive representation of medication. Psychol Health. 1999, 14 (1): 1-24. 10.1080/08870449908407311.
Article
Google Scholar
Passik SD, Kirsh KL, Whitcomb L, Portenoy RK, Katz NP, Kleinman L, Dodd SL, Schein JR: A new tool to assess and document pain outcomes in chronic pain patients receiving opioid therapy. Clin Ther. 2004, 26 (4): 552-561. 10.1016/S0149-2918(04)90057-4.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mattick RP, Larance B, Bruno R, Black E, Lintzeris N, Degenhardt L, Mattick RP, Larance B, Bruno R, Black E, Lintzeris N, Degenhardt L, Nielsen S, Murnion B, Cohen M, Ali R, Dunlop A, Holland R: Minimising the unintended consequences of opioid treatment: development of a drug behaviour scale for use in Australia. Poster presentation at the College on Problems of Drug Dependence 74th Annual Meeting. 2012, CA: Palm Springs
Google Scholar
Banta-Green CJ, Von Korff M, Sullivan MD, Merrill JO, Doyle SR, Saunders K: The prescribed opioids difficulties scale: a patient-centered assessment of problems and concerns. Clin J Pain. 2010, 26 (6): 489-497. 10.1097/AJP.0b013e3181e103d9.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Murphy B, Herrman H, Hawthorne G, Pinzone T, Evert H: Australian WHOQoL instruments: User’s manual and interpretation guide. Edited by: Centre AWFS. 2000, Melbourne, Australia: Australian WHOQoL Field Study Centre
Google Scholar
Kroenke K, Spitzer R, Williams JBW: The PHQ-9: Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001, 16 (9): 606-613. 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Martin A, Rief W, Klaiberg A, Braehler E: Validity of the Brief Patient Health Questionnaire Mood Scale (PHQ-9) in the general population. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2006, 28 (1): 71-77. 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2005.07.003.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JBW, Lowe B: A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med. 2006, 166 (10): 1092-1097. 10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mattick RP, Clarke JC: Development and validation of measures of social phobia scrutiny fear and social interaction anxiety. Behav Res Ther. 1998, 36 (4): 455-470. 10.1016/S0005-7967(97)10031-6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sheehan DV, Lecrubier Y, Sheehan KH, Amorim P, Janavs J, Weiller E, Hergueta T, Baker R, Dunbar GC: The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. J Clin Psychiatry. 1998, 59 (20): 22-33. quiz 34–57
PubMed
Google Scholar
Prins A, Ouimette P, Kimerling R, Camerond RP, Hugelshofer DS, Shaw-Hegwer J, Thrailkill A, Gusman FD, Sheikh JI: The primary care PTSD screen (PC-PTSD): development and operating characteristics. Primary Care Psychiatry. 2004, 9 (1): 9-14. 10.1185/135525703125002360.
Article
Google Scholar
Bernstein DP, Stein JA, Newcomb MD, Walker E, Pogge D, Ahluvalia T, Stokes J, Handelsman L, Medrano M, Desmond D, Bernstein DP, Stein JA, Newcomb MD, Walker E, Pogge D, Ahluvalia T, Stokes J, Handelsman L, Medrano M, Desmond D, Zule W: Development and validation of a brief screening version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Child abuse & neglect. 2003, 27 (2): 169-190. 10.1016/S0145-2134(02)00541-0.
Article
Google Scholar
Sherbourne CD, Stewart A: The MOS Social Support Survey. Edited by: Corporation R. 1993, Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation
Google Scholar
Wallston KA, Wallston BS, DeVellis R: Development of the multidimensional health locus of control (MHLC) scales. Health Education Monographs. 1978, 6: 160-170. 10.1177/109019817800600107.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar