Table 1 Activities of various antioxidant enzymes and total thiols (TTH) level in testes of Wistar rats following repeated oral administrations of IMI and arsenic alone and in combination

I. Control

4.76^c ± 0.540

59.03^f ± 3.34

25.56^f ± 1.88

26.89^e ± 2.99

196.80^d ± 13.12

1694.41^e ± 62.69

II. Imidacloprid (IMI) (16.9 mg/kg)

3.26^ab ± 0.105

38.65^d ± 2.83

15.72^bcd ± 1.73

17.26^cd ± 1.30

136.44^bc ± 14.02

1152.61^d ± 42.63

III. Arsenic (50 ppb)

3.96^bc ± 0.151

50.65^e ± 3.64

21.58^ef ± 1.44

19.68^d ± 1.19

160.96^cd ± 15.02

1256.72^d ± 58.52

IV. Arsenic (100 ppb)

3.52^ab ± 0.302

41.48^d ± 1.90

19.30^de ± 1.50

16.24^cd ± 1.24

146.71^bc ± 13.59

1189.93^d ± 51.57

V. Arsenic (150 ppb)

3.23^ab ± 0.341

30.50^c ± 1.83

16.51^cd ± 1.33

13.65^bc ± 0.923

135.89^bc ± 14.95

1020.15^c ± 32.86

VI. IMI + As (50 ppb)

2.88^ab ± 0.229

24.28^bc ± 1.73

13.75^bc ± 1.42

10.02^ab ± 0.806

128.90^bc ± 12.97

744.78^b ± 36.45

VII. IMI + As (100 ppb)

2.75^a ± 0.425

20.65^ab ± 1.30

11.59^ab ± 1.09

8.75^a ± 0.899

117.26^ab ± 12.86

687.69^b ± 33.43

VIII. IMI + As (150 ppb)

2.40^a ± 0.457

14.60^a ± 0.350

8.50^a ± 0.967

6.01^a ± 0.753

84.25^a ± 9.90

544.78^a ± 34.73