Ries LAG, Smith MA, Gurney JG, Linet M, Tamra T, Young JL, Brunin GR, Monograph SP: Cancer incidence and survival among children and adolescents: United States SEER program 1975–1995. NIH Pub No 99–4649 1999.
Gibson P, Tong Y, Robinson G, Thompson MC, Currle DS, Eden C, et al. Subtypes of medulloblastoma have distinct developmental origins. Nature. 2010;468:1095–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Wang J, Wechsler-Reya RJ. The role of stem cells and progenitors in the genesis of medulloblastoma. Exp Neurol. 2014;260:69–73.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yang ZJ, Ellis T, Markant SL, Read TA, Kessler JD, Bourboulas M, et al. Medulloblastoma can be initiated by deletion of patched in lineage-restricted progenitors or stem cells. Cancer Cell. 2008;14:135–45.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Smoll NR, Drummond KJ. The incidence of medulloblastomas and primitive neurectodermal tumours in adults and children. J Clin Neurosci. 2012;19:1541–4.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pomeroy SL, Tamayo P, Gaasenbeek M, Sturla LM, Angelo M, McLaughlin ME, et al. Prediction of central nervous system embryonal tumour outcome based on gene expression. Nature. 2002;415:436–42.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dubuc AM, Northcott PA, Mack S, Witt H, Pfister S, Taylor MD. The genetics of pediatric brain tumors. Curr Neurol Neurosci Reports. 2010;10:215–23.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Mueller S, Chang S. Pediatric brain tumors: current treatment strategies and future therapeutic approaches. Neurotherapeutics. 2009;6:570–86.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Louis DN, Ohgaki H, Wiestler OD, Cavenee WK, Burger PC, Jouvet A, Scheithauer BW, Kleihues P: The 2007 WHO classification of tumours of the central nervous system. Acta Neuropathol 2007, 114:97-109.
Ellison D. Classifying the medulloblastoma: insights from morphology and molecular genetics. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2002;28:257–82.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gulino A, Arcella A, Giangaspero F. Pathological and molecular heterogeneity of medulloblastoma. Curr Opin Oncol. 2008;20:668–75.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Taylor MD, Northcott PA, Korshunov A, Remke M, Cho YJ, Clifford SC, et al. Molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma: the current consensus. Acta Neuropathol. 2012;123:465–72.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
DeSouza RM, Jones BR, Lowis SP, Kurian KM. Pediatric medulloblastoma - update on molecular classification driving targeted therapies. Front Oncol. 2014;4:176.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Li KK, Lau KM, Ng HK. Signaling pathway and molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2013;6:1211–22.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Samkari A, White JC, Packer RJ. Medulloblastoma: toward biologically based management. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2015;22:6–13.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Parsons DW, Li M, Zhang X, Jones S, Leary RJ, Lin JC-H, et al. The genetic landscape of the childhood cancer Medulloblastoma. Science. 2011;331:435–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Korshunov A, Remke M, Werft W, Benner A, Ryzhova M, Witt H, et al. Adult and pediatric medulloblastomas are genetically distinct and require different algorithms for molecular risk stratification. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28:3054–60.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Smoll NR. Relative survival of childhood and adult medulloblastomas and primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs). Cancer. 2012;118:1313–22.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Aapro MS. Adjuvant therapy of primary breast cancer: a review of key findings from the 7th international conference, St. Gallen, February 2001. Oncologist. 2001;6:376–85.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Davis TE, Carbone PP. Drug treatment of breast cancer. Drugs. 1978;16:441–64.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Martin AM, Raabe E, Eberhart C, Cohen KJ. Management of Pediatric and Adult Patients with Medulloblastoma. Curr Treat Options in Oncol. 2014;15(4):581–94.
Article
Google Scholar
Frange P, Alapetite C, Gaboriaud G, Bours D, Zucker JM, Zerah M, et al. From childhood to adulthood: long-term outcome of medulloblastoma patients. The Institut curie experience (1980-2000). J Neuro-Oncol. 2009;95:271–9.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Mulhern RK, Merchant TE, Gajjar A, Reddick WE, Kun LE. Late neurocognitive sequelae in survivors of brain tumours in childhood. Lancet Oncol. 2004;5:399–408.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rose SR, Danish RK, Kearney NS, Schreiber RE, Lustig RH, Burghen GA, et al. ACTH deficiency in childhood cancer survivors. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2005;45:808–13.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Belcher SM. Blockade of estrogen receptor signaling to improve outlook for medulloblastoma sufferers. Future Oncol. 2009;5:751–4.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Belcher SM, Ma X, Le HH. Blockade of estrogen receptor signaling inhibits growth and migration of medulloblastoma. Endocrinology. 2009;150:1112–21.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cookman CJ, Belcher SM. Estrogen receptor-beta up-regulates IGF1R expression and activity to inhibit apoptosis and increase growth of Medulloblastoma. Endocrinology. 2015;156:2395–408.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kirby M, Zsarnovszky A, Belcher SM. Estrogen receptor expression in a human primitive neuroectodermal tumor cell line from the cerebral cortex: estrogen stimulates rapid ERK1/2 activation and receptor-dependent cell migration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004;319:753–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Levin ER. Integration of the extranuclear and nuclear actions of estrogen. Mol Endocrinol. 2005;19:1951–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Levin ER. Minireview: Extranuclear steroid receptors: roles in modulation of cell functions. Mol Endocrinol (Baltimore, Md). 2011;25:377–84.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Murphy LC, Leygue E. The role of estrogen receptor-beta in breast cancer. Semin Reprod Med. 2012;30:5–13.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Thomas C, Gustafsson JA. The different roles of ER subtypes in cancer biology and therapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2011;11:597–608.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mancuso M, Leonardi S, Giardullo P, Pasquali E, Borra F, Stefano ID, et al. The estrogen receptor beta agonist diarylpropionitrile (DPN) inhibits medulloblastoma development via anti-proliferative and pro-apototic pathways. Cancer Lett. 2011;308:197–202.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wilk A, Waligorska A, Waligorski P, Ochoa A, Reiss K. Inhibition of ERbeta induces resistance to cisplatin by enhancing Rad51-mediated DNA repair in human medulloblastoma cell lines. PLoS One. 2012;7:e33867.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hall MD, Telma KA, Chang KE, Lee TD, Madigan JP, Lloyd JR, et al. Say no to DMSO: dimethylsulfoxide inactivates cisplatin, carboplatin, and other platinum complexes. Cancer Res. 2014;74:3913–22.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Friedman HS, Burger PC, Bigner SH, Trojanowski JQ, Wikstrand CJ, Halperin EC, et al. Establishment and characterization of the human medulloblastoma cell line and transplantable xenograft D283 med. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1985;44:592–605.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jacobsen PF, Jenkyn DJ, Papadimitriou JM. Establishment of a human medulloblastoma cell line and its heterotransplantation into nude mice. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1985;44:472–85.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fults D, Pedone CA, Morse HG, Rose JW, McKay RD. Establishment and characterization of a human primitive neuroectodermal tumor cell line from the cerebral hemisphere. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1992;51:272–80.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wong JK, Kennedy PR, Belcher SM. Simplified serum- and steroid-free culture conditions for high-throughput viability analysis of primary cultures of cerebellar granule neurons. J Neurosci Methods. 2001;110:45–55.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
O’Brien J, Wilson I, Orton T, Pognan F. Investigation of the Alamar blue (resazurin) fluorescent dye for the assessment of mammalian cell cytotoxicity. Eur J Biochem. 2000;267:5421–6.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Franken NA, Rodermond HM, Stap J, Haveman J, van Bree C. Clonogenic assay of cells in vitro. Nat Protoc. 2006;1:2315–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Munshi A, Hobbs M, Meyn RE. Clonogenic cell survival assay. Methods Mol Med. 2005;110:21–8.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Muthyala RS, Ju YH, Sheng S, Williams LD, Doerge DR, Katzenellenbogen BS, et al. Equol, a natural estrogenic metabolite from soy isoflavones: convenient preparation and resolution of R- and S-equols and their differing binding and biological activity through estrogen receptors alpha and beta. Bioorg Med Chem. 2004;12:1559–67.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Patisaul HB, Jefferson W. The pros and cons of phytoestrogens. Front Neuroendocrinol. 2010;31:400–19.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ramachandran C, Khatib Z, Petkarou A, Fort J, Fonseca HB, Melnick SJ, et al. Tamoxifen modulation of etoposide cytotoxicity involves inhibition of protein kinase C activity and insulin-like growth factor II expression in brain tumor cells. J Neuro-Oncol. 2004;67:19–28.
Article
Google Scholar
De Braganca KC, Packer RJ. Treatment Options for Medulloblastoma and CNS primitive Neuroectodermal tumor (PNET). Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2013;15:593–606.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
DeVita VT, Young RC, Canellos GP. Combination versus single agent chemotherapy: a review of the basis for selection of drug treatment of cancer. Cancer. 1975;35:98–110.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Muggia FM, Cortes-Funes H, Wasserman TH. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy in combined clinical trials: problems and promise. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1978;4:161–71.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Albain KS, Barlow WE, Ravdin PM, Farrar WB, Burton GV, Ketchel SJ, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy and timing of tamoxifen in postmenopausal patients with endocrine-responsive, node-positive breast cancer: a phase 3, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009;374:2055–63.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Goel S, Sharma R, Hamilton A, Beith J: LHRH agonists for adjuvant therapy of early breast cancer in premenopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;(4):CD004562. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004562.pub3.
Goldhirsch A, Coates AS, Colleoni M, Castiglione-Gertsch M, Gelber RD. Adjuvant chemoendocrine therapy in postmenopausal breast cancer: cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil dose and schedule may make a difference. International breast cancer study group. J Clin Oncol. 1998;16:1358–62.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lumachi F, Brunello A, Maruzzo M, Basso U, SMM B. Treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Curr Med Chem. 2013;20:596–604.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mehta RS, Barlow WE, Albain KS, Vandenberg TA, Dakhil SR, Tirumali NR, et al. Combination anastrozole and fulvestrant in metastatic breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:435–44.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Urbanska K, Pannizzo P, Lassak A, Gualco E, Surmacz E, Croul S, et al. Estrogen receptor beta-mediated nuclear interaction between IRS-1 and Rad51 inhibits homologous recombination directed DNA repair in medulloblastoma. J Cell Physiol. 2009;219:392–401.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Wakeling AE, Dukes M, Bowler J. A potent specific pure Antiestrogen with clinical potential. Cancer Res. 1991;51:3867–73.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wong JK, Le HH, Zsarnovszky A, Belcher SM. Estrogens and ICI182,780 (Faslodex) modulate mitosis and cell death in immature cerebellar neurons via rapid activation of p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase. J Neurosci. 2003;23:4984–95.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Xu J, Margol A, Asgharzadeh S, Erdreich-Epstein A. Pediatric brain tumor cell lines. J Cell Biochem. 2015;116:218–24.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Weeraratne SD, Amani V, Teider N, Pierre-Francois J, Winter D, Kye MJ, et al. Pleiotropic effects of miR-183~96~182 converge to regulate cell survival, proliferation and migration in medulloblastoma. Acta Neuropathol. 2012;123:539–52.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar