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  1. Content type: Research article

    Hypertension and dyslipidemia are major risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the co-administration of fimasartan and rosuv...

    Authors: Moo-Yong Rhee, Taehoon Ahn, Kiyuk Chang, Shung Chull Chae, Tae-Hyun Yang, Wan Joo Shim, Tae Soo Kang, Jae-Kean Ryu, Deuk-Young Nah, Tae-Ho Park, In-Ho Chae, Seung Woo Park, Hae-Young Lee, Seung-Jea Tahk, Young Won Yoon, Chi Young Shim…

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2017 18:2

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  3. Content type: Research article

    Cancer is a major public health concern globally and chemotherapy remains the principal mode of the treatment of various malignant diseases.

    Authors: Victor Kuete, Leonidah K. Omosa, Viviane R. Sipowo Tala, Jacob O. Midiwo, Armelle T. Mbaveng, Sauda Swaleh, Oğuzhan Karaosmanoğlu and Hülya Sivas

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:60

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  4. Content type: Research article

    Transport of methylmercury (MeHg) across the blood-brain barrier towards the brain side is well discussed in literature, while ethylmercury (EtHg) and inorganic mercury are not adequately characterized regardi...

    Authors: Hanna Lohren, Julia Bornhorst, Romy Fitkau, Gabriele Pohl, Hans-Joachim Galla and Tanja Schwerdtle

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:63

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  5. Content type: Case report

    Combination lithium, a mood stabilizer, and risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic drug, is widely used for treatment of psychotic disorders. Rare reports concern severe adverse drug reaction in multiple organ...

    Authors: Chih-Wei Hsu, Yu Lee, Chun-Yi Lee and Pao-Yen Lin

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:59

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  6. Content type: Research article

    More potent antitumor activity is desired in Interferon (IFN)-treated cancer patients. This could be achieved by combining IFN alpha and IFN gamma. The aim of this work was to characterize the pharmacokinetics...

    Authors: Idrian García-García, Ignacio Hernández-González, Alina Díaz-Machado, Carlos A. González-Delgado, Sonia Pérez-Rodríguez, Yanelda García-Vega, Rosario Campos-Mojena, Ángela D. Tuero-Iglesias, Carmen M. Valenzuela-Silva, Alieski Cruz-Ramírez, Alis Martín-Trujillo, Héctor Santana-Milián, Pedro A. López-Saura and Iraldo Bello-Rivero

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:58

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  7. Content type: Research article

    Our objective was to test neural active compounds in a human developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) model that represents neural tube stages of vulnerability. Previously we showed that 14 days in vitro (DIV 14) was...

    Authors: Xian Wu, Anirban Majumder, Robin Webb and Steven L. Stice

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:62

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  8. Content type: Research article

    Surgical site infections are common and devastating complications after implants related surgeries. Staphylococcus aureus contamination is a leading cause of surgical site infections. This study aims at assessing...

    Authors: Gang Liu, Si Chen, Jun Fang, Baoshan Xu, Shuang Li, Yonghong Hao, Naif A. Al-Dhabi, Shucai Deng and Veeramuthu Duraipandiyan

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:61

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  9. Content type: Case report

    Tenofovir, one of antiretroviral medication to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, is known to cause proximal renal tubular acidosis such as Fanconi syndrome, but cases of distal renal tubular ...

    Authors: Kentaro Iwata, Manabu Nagata, Shuhei Watanabe and Shinichi Nishi

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:52

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  10. Content type: Research article

    The antimalarial activity of plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone), a naturally occurring naphthoquinone widely distributed in the Plumbaginaceae family has previously been demonstrated in vitro (g...

    Authors: Wiriyaporn Sumsakul, Tullayakorn Plengsuriyakarn and Kesara Na-Bangchang

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:50

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  11. Content type: Research article

    Antidotes stocking is a critical component of hospital care for poisoned patients in emergency. Antidote stocking represents a major health challenge worldwide and in Lebanon. Systematic data monitoring of ant...

    Authors: Anthony Mansour, Layla Al-Bizri, Jad El-Maamary, Amanda al-Helou, Rayan Hamade, Elie Saliba, Dina Khammash, Karim Makhoul, Kamal Matli, Nada Ghosn, Mary Deeb and Wissam H. Faour

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:51

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  12. Content type: Research article

    The negative consequences of nicotine use are well known and documented, however, abstaining from nicotine use and achieving abstinence poses a major challenge for the majority of nicotine users trying to quit. l

    Authors: Shamia L. Faison, Charles W. Schindler, Steven R. Goldberg and Jia Bei Wang

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:49

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  14. Content type: Review

    Manganese (Mn) is an essential heavy metal. However, Mn’s nutritional aspects are paralleled by its role as a neurotoxicant upon excessive exposure. In this review, we covered recent advances in identifying me...

    Authors: Tanara V. Peres, Maria Rosa C. Schettinger, Pan Chen, Fabiano Carvalho, Daiana S. Avila, Aaron B. Bowman and Michael Aschner

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:57

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  15. Content type: Research article

    Lead (Pb2+) exposure has been shown to impair presynaptic neurotransmitter release in both in vivo and in vitro model systems. The mechanism by which Pb2+ impairs neurotransmitter release has not been fully eluci...

    Authors: Sara Rose Guariglia, Kirstie H. Stansfield, Jennifer McGlothan and Tomas R. Guilarte

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:56

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  16. Content type: Research article

    Metallothioneins (MT) are small proteins, which are crucial for the distribution of heavy and transition metals. Previously, we found in mice that knockout of MT 1 and 2 genes (MTKO) impaired spatial learning ...

    Authors: Ann Petro, Hannah G. Sexton, Caroline Miranda, Anit Rastogi, Jonathan H. Freedman and Edward D. Levin

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:55

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  17. Content type: Research article

    All living cells display a rapid molecular response to adverse environmental conditions, and the heat shock protein family reflects one such example. Hence, failing to activate heat shock proteins can impair t...

    Authors: Daiana Silva Avila, Alexandre Benedetto, Catherine Au, Julia Bornhorst and Michael Aschner

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:54

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  18. Content type: Research article

    Ghana changed their antimalarial drug policy from monotherapies to Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies in 2004 in order to provide more efficacious medicines for treatment of malaria. The policy change can...

    Authors: Mathilda Tivura, Isaac Asante, Albert van Wyk, Stephaney Gyaase, Naiela Malik, Emmanuel Mahama, Dana M. Hostetler, Facundo M. Fernandez, Kwaku Poku Asante, Harparkash Kaur and Seth Owusu-Agyei

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:48

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  19. Content type: Research article

    Side effects, or the adverse effects of drugs, contain important clinical phenotypic information that may be useful in predicting novel or unknown targets of a drug. It has been suggested that drugs with simil...

    Authors: Yu Sun, Vaibhav A. Narayan and Gayle M. Wittenberg

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:47

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  20. Content type: Research article

    In the present study, we investigated the arsenic accumulation in different parts of rice irrigated with arsenic contaminated water. Besides, we also evaluated the protective effects of Corchorus olitorius leaves...

    Authors: Saeed Mohammed Imran Hosen, Dipesh Das, Rupkanowar Kobi, Dil Umme Salma Chowdhury, Md Jibran Alam, Bashudev Rudra, Muhammad Abu Bakar, Saiful Islam, Zillur Rahman and Mohammad Al-Forkan

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:46

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  21. Content type: Research article

    The association between long-term metformin use and low vitamin B12 levels has been proven. However, the prevalence estimates of metformin-induced vitamin B12 deficiency showed considerable variation among the...

    Authors: Marwan A. Ahmed, George Muntingh and Paul Rheeder

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:44

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  22. Content type: Review

    With the increasing publicity of marijuana due to recent legislation, it is pertinent that the effects of fetal exposure to the drug are assessed. While in utero cannabis exposure has been associated with early p...

    Authors: Joseph Friedrich, Dara Khatib, Keon Parsa, Ariana Santopietro and G. Ian Gallicano

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:45

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  23. Content type: Research article

    Statins are used for treatment of hypercholestremia. Common adverse reports associated with use of statins are generalized bodyache, rhabdomyolysis, muscles weakness and gastrointestinal disorders. The current...

    Authors: Niaz Ali, Robina Begum, Muhammad Saleh Faisal, Aslam Khan, Muhammad Nabi, Gulfam Shehzadi, Shakir Ullah and Waqar Ali

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:43

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  24. Content type: Research article

    In some countries the misuse and diversion of prescribed opioid analgesic is increasing considerably, but there is no official data regarding the situation in Colombia. The aim of this study was to identify al...

    Authors: Maria G. Garcia-Orjuela, Lineth Alarcon-Franco, Juan C. Sanchez-Fernandez, Yuli Agudelo and Andres F. Zuluaga

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:42

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  25. Content type: Research article

    It has been observed that the efficacy of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors as compared to the placebo groups in some clinical trials conducted in China is weaker than that in trials conducted outside ...

    Authors: Lingyu He, Shu Liu, Chun Shan, Yingmei Tu, Zhengqing Li and Xiaohua Douglas Zhang

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:40

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  26. Content type: Case report

    Taxus (yew) is one of the most frequently reported plants causing potentially fatal outcome when taken incidentally or for suicidal reasons. A fast and reliable method of detection of poisonous compounds or th...

    Authors: Małgorzata Kobusiak-Prokopowicz, Anna Marciniak, Sylwester Ślusarczyk, Krzysztof Ściborski, Aneta Stachurska, Andrzej Mysiak and Adam Matkowski

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:41

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  27. Content type: Research article

    The elderly are frequently exposed to drug related problems causing hospitalizations and increased costs of care. Information about Romanian prescribing practices among the elderly and potential medication ass...

    Authors: Daniela Petruta Primejdie, Marius Traian Bojita and Adina Popa

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:38

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  28. Content type: Research article

    Praziquantel (PZQ) is an antihelminthic drug whose P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate specificity has not been conclusively characterized. We investigated its specificity by comparing its in vitro intracellular accu...

    Authors: Gabriel Kigen and Geoffrey Edwards

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:37

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  29. Content type: Research article

    The number of medication errors occurring in healthcare is large and many are preventable. To analyze medication errors and evaluate whether Positive Deviance is effective in reducing them.

    Authors: Fabio Teixeira Ferracini, Alexandre R. Marra, Claudio Schvartsman, Oscar F. Pavão dos Santos, Elivane da Silva Victor, Neila Maria Marques Negrini, Wladimir Mendes Borges Filho and Michael B. Edmond

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:36

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  30. Content type: Research article

    Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the most multiple resistances to antibiotics in the recent years. Therefore, practically-prescribed antibiotics in the treatment of these strains are not effective. Plant-deri...

    Authors: Supatcharee Siriwong, Yothin Teethaisong, Kanjana Thumanu, Benjawan Dunkhunthod and Griangsak Eumkeb

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:39

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  31. Content type: Research article

    Fimasartan (FMS) is a potent angiotensin receptor blocker for the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension. This study aimed to evaluate the transfer of FMS to fetus and breast milk in rats.

    Authors: Tae Hwan Kim, Min Gi Kim, Soyoung Shin, Yong-Ha Chi, Soo-Heui Paik, Joo-Han Lee, Sun Dong Yoo, Yu Seok Youn, Jürgen B. Bulitta, Sang Hoon Joo, Seok Won Jeong, Kwon-Yeon Weon and Beom Soo Shin

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:35

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  32. Content type: Research article

    Crude Spondias pinnata bark extract was previously assessed for its antioxidant, anticancer and iron chelating potentials. The isolated compounds gallic acid (GA) and methyl gallate (MG) were evaluated for their ...

    Authors: Dipankar Chaudhuri, Nikhil Baban Ghate, Sourav Panja and Nripendranath Mandal

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:34

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  33. Content type: Research article

    MotherToBaby Utah is a teratogen information service that provides support for pregnant and breastfeeding women and healthcare providers regarding risks of exposures to medications, infections, herbals, homeop...

    Authors: Sarah C. Campbell, Tyler T. Kast, Manijeh Kamyar, Julia Robertson and Catherine M. Sherwin

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:33

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  34. Content type: Research article

    Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer, diabetes and other human diseases. HDAC inhibitors, as a new class of potential therapeutic agents, have attracted a ...

    Authors: Yan-xin Huang, Jian Zhao, Qiu-hang Song, Li-hua Zheng, Cong Fan, Ting-ting Liu, Yong-li Bao, Lu-guo Sun, Li-biao Zhang and Yu-xin Li

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:32

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  35. Content type: Research article

    Olvanil (NE 19550) is a non-pungent synthetic analogue of capsaicin, the natural pungent ingredient of capsicum which activates the transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1) channel and was develop...

    Authors: Mohammad Alsalem, Paul Millns, Ahmad Altarifi, Khalid El-Salem, Victoria Chapman and David A. Kendall

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:31

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  36. Content type: Research article

    Sri Lanka has a high suicide rate, with more than 40 % of poisoning admissions due to overdose of drugs with Paracetamol being the commonest. Data regarding cardiotoxicity to paracetamol is very minimal though...

    Authors: Udaya Ralapanawa, Kushalee Poornima Jayawickreme, Ekanayake Mudiyanselage Madhushanka Ekanayake and A. M. S. Dhammika Menike Dissanayake

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:30

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  37. Content type: Research article

    All hematopoietic cells express P2 receptors, however pharmacological characteristics such as expression and affinity in granulocytes are unknown.

    Authors: Antonio Carlos Ribeiro-Filho, Marcus Vinicius Buri, Carlos Castilho Barros, Juliana Luporini Dreyfuss, Helena Bonciani Nader, Giselle Zenker Justo, Rogério Bastos Craveiro, João Bosco Pesquero, Antonio Miranda, Alice Teixeira Ferreira and Edgar Julian Paredes-Gamero

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:29

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  38. Content type: Research article

    3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or “ecstasy”) is a worldwide drug of abuse commonly used by adolescents. Most reports focus on MDMA’s neurotoxicity and use high doses in adult animals, meanwhile studie...

    Authors: Armanda Teixeira-Gomes, Vera Marisa Costa, Rita Feio-Azevedo, José Alberto Duarte, Margarida Duarte-Araújo, Eduarda Fernandes, Maria de Lourdes Bastos, Félix Carvalho and João Paulo Capela

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:28

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  39. Content type: Research article

    Prescription writing is a process which transfers the therapeutic message from the prescriber to the patient through the pharmacist. Prescribing errors, drug duplication and potential drug-drug interactions (p...

    Authors: Devarajan Rathish, Sivaswamy Bahini, Thanikai Sivakumar, Thilani Thiranagama, Tharmarajah Abarajithan, Buddhika Wijerathne, Channa Jayasumana and Sisira Siribaddana

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:27

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  41. Content type: Research article

    Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a cornerstone of graft acceptance. High numbers of Tregs are associated with better long-term graft survival. Recently, Vitamin D was suggested as an immunomodulator, in addition...

    Authors: Mostafa G. Aly, Karina Trojan, Rolf Weimer, Christian Morath, Gerhard Opelz, Mohammed A. Tohamy and Volker Daniel

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:24

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  42. Content type: Research article

    This study sought to assess the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic relationships of caffeine citrate therapy in preterm neonates who had therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in the post-extubation period.

    Authors: Tian Yu, Alfred H. Balch, Robert M. Ward, E. Kent Korgenski and Catherine M. T. Sherwin

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:22

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  43. Content type: Research article

    Although the recreational use of psychoactive substances is common there is only limited systematic collection of data on acute drug toxicity or hospital presentations, in particular regarding novel psychoacti...

    Authors: Evangelia Liakoni, Patrick C. Dolder, Katharina M. Rentsch and Matthias E. Liechti

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:25

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  44. Content type: Research article

    An area of ongoing controversy is the role adenosine to regulate vascular tone in conduit vessels that regulate compliance, and the role of nitric oxide (NO), potassium channels and receptor subtypes involved....

    Authors: Aryadi Arsyad and Geoffrey P. Dobson

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:23

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  45. Content type: Study protocol

    Addiction, overdoses and deaths resulting from prescription opioids have increased dramatically over the last decade. In response, several manufacturers have developed formulations of opioids with abuse-deterr...

    Authors: Shannon L. Janoff, Nancy A. Perrin, Paul M. Coplan, Howard D. Chilcoat, Cynthia I. Campbell and Carla A. Green

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:21

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  46. Content type: Research article

    The choice of vasopressor use in the intensive care unit (ICU) depends primarily on provider preference. This study aims to describe the rate of vasopressor utilization and the trends of each vasoactive agent ...

    Authors: Charat Thongprayoon, Wisit Cheungpasitporn, Andrew M. Harrison, Perliveh Carrera, Narat Srivali, Wonngarm Kittamongkolchai, Aysen Erdogan and Kianoush B. Kashani

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:19

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  48. Content type: Study protocol

    Current guidelines for opioid dependence recommend daily maintenance of physical dependence with methadone or buprenorphine, and discourage abstinence due to the high risk of relapse and overdose. Extended-rel...

    Authors: Nikolaj Kunøe, Arild Opheim, Kristin Klemmetsby Solli, Zhanna Gaulen, Kamni Sharma-Haase, Zill-e-Huma Latif and Lars Tanum

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:18

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  49. Content type: Case report

    Abatacept (ABA) is a fusion receptor protein containing the CTLA-4 domain that prevents the activation of naïve T cells by binding the CD80 and CD86 molecules expressed on the surface of dendritic cells, indic...

    Authors: Rossella Talotta, Fabiola Atzeni and Piercarlo Sarzi Puttini

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:17

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  50. Content type: Research article

    Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by fat accumulation in the hepatocyte, inflammation, liver cell injury, and varying degrees of fibrosis, and can lead to oxidative stress in liver. Here, we...

    Authors: Ze-ran Yang, Hui-fang Wang, Tie-cheng Zuo, Li-li Guan and Ning Dai

    Citation: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2016 17:16

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